{"id":3713,"date":"2015-07-10T21:02:02","date_gmt":"2015-07-11T04:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/?p=3713"},"modified":"2015-07-10T21:50:37","modified_gmt":"2015-07-11T04:50:37","slug":"freedom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/?p=3713","title":{"rendered":"Freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div id=\"attachment_3739\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Invalides_Dome.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3739\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Invalides_Dome-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Plafond du d\u00f4me des Invalides\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Invalides_Dome-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Invalides_Dome-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plafond du d\u00f4me des Invalides<\/p><\/div>In Paris, I met with a French entrepreneur at the Caf\u00e9 de l&#8217;Esplanade. The sumptuous interior of this beautiful caf\u00e9 has clusters of cannon balls for chandeliers and cannons as pillars. I looked across the street at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Les_Invalides\" target=\"_blank\">H\u00f4tel des Invalides<\/a> with its long row of artillery at the end of the expansive lawn.<\/p>\n<p>I had lived in Paris for many years but never spent time inside the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1JP62tu\" target=\"_blank\">Invalides<\/a>.  As a teenager, war did not attract me. Soldiers and tactics were far from my concerns but over the years my perspective had changed. My interest in history had grown deeper. Revolution had taught me how an entire society can be transformed in a moment when all the forces and conditions come together. That day, I felt attracted not only by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baroque\" target=\"_blank\">Baroque<\/a> architecture of the building in front of me but also by the stories of great men and events that it contained inside.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gPtVNDvwGMo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\" target=\"_blank\">The French revolution<\/a> got its start there when a mob seized a large number of muskets and proceeded to storm the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bastille\" target=\"_blank\">Bastille<\/a>.  The building was constructed for Louis XIV as a home for disabled veterans.  Today, it houses the tombs of many eminent French generals. As I looked at the tomb of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_Foch\" target=\"_blank\">Marshal Foch<\/a>, I remembered the battle scene in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paths_of_Glory\" target=\"_blank\">Paths of Glory<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>This powerful anti-war movie shows the corruption and brutality of the military establishment of the time and the helplessness of the soldiers.  But even in the harsh conditions of war, men still can make choices.  In 1917, the French soldiers effectively decided <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Army_Mutinies\" target=\"_blank\">not to fight <\/a>anymore. Disregarding the generals, they freed themselves from the horror of the senseless slaughter.<\/p>\n<p>What is freedom? To the Greeks, a free man was one who had no master and could live as he pleased.  In the ideal democracy, said <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristotle\" target=\"_blank\">Aristotle<\/a>, men are ruled by no one, or if this is impossible, rule and are ruled in turns.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_3753\" style=\"width: 517px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Cyrus_II_le_Grand_et_les_H\u00e9breux.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3753\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Cyrus_II_le_Grand_et_les_H\u00e9breux.jpg\" alt=\"Jean Fouquet, &quot;La cl\u00e9mence de Cyrus II le Grand envers les H\u00e9breux&quot;\" width=\"507\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Cyrus_II_le_Grand_et_les_H\u00e9breux.jpg 507w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Cyrus_II_le_Grand_et_les_H\u00e9breux-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jean Fouquet, &#8220;La cl\u00e9mence de Cyrus II le Grand envers les H\u00e9breux&#8221;<\/p><\/div><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democracy\" target=\"_blank\">Democracy<\/a> in the Athens of Aristotle was limited. Women could not vote or hold office, and many of the inhabitants were slaves.   The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achaemenid_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Persian Empire<\/a> is often depicted as ruled by despots but its citizens enjoyed some degree of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberty\">freedom<\/a>.  People of all religions and ethnic groups were given the same rights and had the same freedom of religion. Women had the same rights as men, and slavery was abolished. Sometimes the ancient world is surprising and does not match our prejudices about it.  <\/p>\n<p>In the 2500 years since that time, no society has achieved Aristotle\u2019s ideal. We are all subject to authority and constrained in our actions. People will tolerate many restrictions.  As <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Jefferson\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Jefferson<\/a> wrote, \u201cmankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.\u201d But  in all revolutions,  there is a tipping point.  Even soldiers under strict military discipline will no longer obey if they have lost belief in their leaders.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_3733\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Looking-back_c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3733\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Looking-back_c-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"Michel Bellaiche, &quot;Looking Back,&quot; 2015\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Looking-back_c-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Looking-back_c-1024x766.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Looking-back_c.jpg 1972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3733\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel Bellaiche, &#8220;Looking Back,&#8221; 2015<\/p><\/div><br \/>\nMichel Bellaiche powerfully conveys the anguish of lost freedom in the painting <em>Looking Back<\/em>. The figures are completely confined by their tight wraps. Nothing of their humanity can be seen except for two staring blank eyes.  They seem to be looking back at us in reproach.  They are lost in a colorful world where their pain and isolation haunts us. In the world today, many people have been displaced by oppression and manmade calamity.  Can the lonely figures in the painting find their way to freedom?<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_3736\" style=\"width: 249px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Symbiosis_C.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3736\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Symbiosis_C-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"Bernard Mont-Reynaud, &quot;Symbiosis,&quot; 2013\" width=\"239\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Symbiosis_C-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Symbiosis_C-817x1024.jpg 817w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernard Mont-Reynaud, &#8220;Symbiosis,&#8221; 2013<\/p><\/div><br \/>\nSome artists struggle to find freedom within themselves.  They battle not with a government but with the inner barriers to self-expression.  Bernard Mont-Reynaud is among such artists. A distinguished technical career held him back from a full commitment to art.<br \/>\nNow turning to his lifelong passion, he experiments with visual media and music. Painting is his practice of freedom. Mont-Reynaud says \u201cI aim to work in joyful abandon to the rhythmical scratchy sound of the palette knife, in broad gestures, consistent yet ever changing, as spontaneous and effortless as the moment permits.\u201d<br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_3741\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ApolloAndDaphne.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3741\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chezarts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ApolloAndDaphne-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Apollo and Daphne\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ApolloAndDaphne-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ApolloAndDaphne-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3741\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernini&#8217;s &#8220;Apollo and Daphne; &#8221; Photo by Int3gr4te<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Symbiosis shows a woman achieving unity with a tree. Perhaps like<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_and_Daphne\" target=\"_blank\"> Daphne<\/a>,  she is preserving her freedom by a revolutionary change of her being.<\/p>\n\r\n\t<div style=\"\">\r\n\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share\" class=\"twitter-share-button\" data-count=\"vertical\" data-text=\"Freedom\" data-url=\"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/?p=3713\" >Tweet<\/a>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"http:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\"><\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Paris, I met with a French entrepreneur at the Caf\u00e9 de l&#8217;Esplanade. The sumptuous interior of this beautiful caf\u00e9 has clusters of cannon balls for chandeliers and cannons as pillars. I looked across the street at the H\u00f4tel des Invalides with its long row of artillery at the end of the expansive lawn. I [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[97,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3713"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3760,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions\/3760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.chezmana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}